Do you know blood groups are rare other than A, B, B+?

Most of us know about common blood groups like A, B, AB, and O. But do you know that apart from these common blood groups, there are some rare blood groups, which are found in very few people? Identifying such blood groups is difficult, and finding them at the time of need is also very challenging.

Basics of blood group

Blood groups are mainly decided on the basis of the ABO system and the Rh factor (positive or negative). For example, A+, A−, B+, B−, AB+, AB−, and O+ are blood types. Out of these, O− (O negative) is considered a universal donor because it can be transfused to anyone, while AB+ is considered a universal receiver because it can accept any blood type.

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Which are the rarest blood groups?

• Bombay Blood Group (HH Blood Group):
  This is the world's rarest blood group. This blood group was originally discovered in India in Bombay (now Mumbai), and therefore, it was called the Bombay blood group. This blood group occurs in about 1 person in every 10,000.

• Rh-null Blood Group (Golden Blood):
  This is also referred to as golden blood, as it is the rarest. A very few number of individuals have been discovered in the world up to now who possess the Rh-null blood group. It is utilized only in extremely critical cases.

• Rare sub-groups like Diego, Kidd, Duffy:
  These blood groups occur in very few individuals and can often be detected only by special tests. Their significance grows when the patient requires multiple blood transfusions.

Importance of having this information: Knowing about rare blood groups can be helpful in saving lives in a medical emergency. If you or any of your family members have a rare blood group, then he/she should be registered in the blood donor registry so that help can be received at the time of need.